Improvement in machine for carving



3 Sheets-#Sheet 1.

V. W. BLANCHARD.

GARVINGMAGHINE.

No. 89f,911'.

Y -3 sheets-sheet 2.V V. W. BLANCHARD. GARVING MACHINE.

Patented May 11, 1869.

Illmmlll 1. 3Sheets-Sheet 3. V. W, BLANCHARD.

` GARVING MAGHINB. Y y

No. 89,911. Patented May 11, 1869.

nfo-

4 chine. f

Similar letters of reference'indicate like parts in`all the figures. 'f

= cuted.

winemw. BLANCHARD, or BRIDPQRTQVERMONT.

` .Llera/ferment1ra-89,911, am@ May 11, 1869.l

IMPROVEMENT `nv MACHINE' PoR CARVING."

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the vxame.

To all whomJ 'it concern l Be it known that I, Vrnerr. W. BLANCHARD, ofv

Bridport, in the county of Addison, and State of Vermont, haveinventedcertain new and useful Improven ments in Automatic Carving, Sculpturing, Engraving, and Polishing-Lathes, and Engines', and do hereby declare Athat the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the `letters of reference marked thereon,.which form a part of this specification, and-in l wniehml e Figure l represents a plan view,

Figures 2` and 3, end views ofl my sculptnring-ma- My invention consistsin an improved engine, whereby wood, iron, stone, or any other 4suitable material may be carved, Sculptured, channelled, or polished, as

`occasion may require. l. -My'invention consists, further, in the employment of an improved mechanicaldevice, whereby the supericial area'of the pattern orcopy may be, to 'anyl de- `sired degree, greater than that` contained in the work 1 executed.

`It also consists in the employment of a mechanical device, whereby the'projection or depression above or i 'below a plane surface, on the pattern or copy, may be made to 'any degree less than the corresponding ones produeedtherefrom on the surfaceof the work exe It also consists in the employment of several other devices, the peculiarity of which willybe hereinafter fully specified.

'l enable others skilled in the art to which my invention appertains, to make and use the same, l will now describe its construction and operation.

` A A represent bed-pieces, provided with ways, r r,

the tooth-bar A, andthe folding frames B B and C C.

e i K K represent a plate, resting. upon andA sliding` on V, formed on its lower surface, on the ways r fr, at- `tackled to the bed-pieces A A.'

B3 represents a toothed wheel, `attached to a shaft, passing' through the plate K K, and gearing with the tooth-bar A3.` l

Cs'i'epresents a pulley, attached to the upper eX` tremity of said shaft. Motion is communicated to the pulley G3, through the shaft, to which it is attached, and the pinion B3, causes 4the plate K K to slide in either direction on the bedpieces A A. y l l y BB and OVG'represent the folding frames,attach`ed, by hinges, d di, to the bed-pieces Al A. g

al erepresenthinged stays, extending from the bedpieces A A, at p p, to the3cups in thestuds f3 f3.

p By means ofthe hinged stays 6 3 e3, the folding i frames may be secured, in a vertical position, on the l* bed-pieces A A.

The spaces in the folding frames are divided longitudinally, into two apertures, by thecentral partition B and Ol. v

The ends of the folding frames are provided, at their upper apertures, with stfscrews, 'm m m and 'a n n.

' In the `upper or outer apertures of the folding frame B B, the copy ofthe design to be cut, carved,&c., is placed and secured by the screws m m m.

In the upper apertures of the folding frameU G, the material on which such design is wrought, is placed and secured by the set-screws n n n.

` g3 g3 represent adj nstable grooved stops, attached to the folding frame B B. These stops are provided with set-screws, by which they may be adjusted on the fold- Y i ing frame B B. I.

. ll J 2 'l3 represent .three upright posts, connected, below, with the sliding plate KK, and above, with the cross-pieces L L. These posts seives as guides to the nutsN and 0,' preventing the same from turning, and holding them rmly in a'proper working-position.

The cross-pieces L L are provided w'ithgrooved ways, 11.3 h5 h3.

E and E represent two sliding frames, provided .at

their top and bottom with V-shaped surfaces, fitting and sliding in the ways h3 h3 ha.

aja representl two upright. shafts, extending from the plate K K and cross-pieces L L. These shafts have bearings in the plate K K and cross-pieces L' L, 'so that they will revolve freely'in the same.

lhe` shafts 113 j3 arel cut, in their surface, so as to form screws; one a right-handed,\and its fellow, a lefthanded screw.

lo* Z3 represent tooth-wheels, gearing into each other,l and attached to the upper extremity of shafts t3 js.

m3 represents a bevel-gear wheel, attached to the upper surface of the wheel lo, and gearing with the bevelinion n3 which communicates motion to a shaft having one of its bearings, j, on the top of the stud rising from the plate K K, and the other, n4, on a projecting arm, attached to the cross-piece L.

O? represents a pulley, attached to the said shaft,

-near the bearing j'. l

O represents a nut; working on"screw-shaft3.`

N represents a nut, working on the screw-shaft t3. The sliding frames E and F are dividedinto two apertures, or openings, an upper and lower one.

G represents a nut, attached to the -central bar or partition of the sliding frame E, and H a similar one,

`attached to the partition of the sliding frame F.

v3 represents a bevel-gear wheel, attached to the shaft p3, andjs, a bevel-gear wheel, attached to the screw-shaft g3.

t3 represents a bevel-wheel gearing, with the bevelgear wheel s3, and n3, a bevel-gear wheel, gearing with the bevel-gear wheel c3.

a2 bz represent bearings on the top s of two studs, rising from the `plate' K K, that sustain the shafts, to which the bevel-gear wheels t3 and a3 are attached.

cz d? represent two pulleys, attached to said shaft, and t u, two loose pulleys, running on said shaft.'

ez represents a belt-shifter, by means of which, two belts may be sh'nfted, from the pulleys t" and u, to the loose pulleys c2 d2.

By means of two belts, running in opposite directions, on pulleys t4, u, c2, and d2, and the belt-shifter c, the shaft, on which the bevel-,wheels t3 ua, are mounted, may be made to. revolve in either direction, and, bythe connections described, the sliding frames E and F may be made to move, simultaneously, inl either direction, in their ways lr" ha ha.

jz g2 represent two ratchet-wheels, attached to the upright screw-shaft js, and having their teeth out in opposite directions.

h2 hz hz h2 represent four pawls,held in proper working-position, by springs, two of which act simultaneously on the ratchet-wheel fzor g2.

Ii2 represents a sliding pawl-bar, to which said pawls are attached.

j* represents a connecting and disconnectingdever, by which the upper and lower sets of pawls are connected and disconnected with the ratchet-wheels f? and 2.

a movable shaft, provided with bearings, on the plate K K, arid an arched bar, that connects the legs of the stud f.

m2 n2 are cranks, attached to shaft l2.

Oz represents a bar, that, by its connection, simnl taneously actuating the pawl-bar i2 to a greater or less extent, and the belt-shifter e2 at such point in the movement of the sliding frame E, orthe plate K K, as maybe desired by the operator.

By means of a series of holes in the' bar O2, and an adjustable screw tting the same, together with a slot in a plate, holding the said bar in a proper workingposition, a variable movement may be communicated to the pawl-bar i.

p2 is a stud, attached to the sliding frame E;

l5 is a rod, attached, by a pivot-joint, to the bar O, said rod passing through the stud p2.

q2 q2 are two adjustable stops, provided with setscrews, and sliding on the rod l5, so, that when motion is communicated to the sliding frame E, the bar t and the belt-shifter c2 may both be actuated at any-desired. point. x

Bythe connection, heretofore described, the action of the stud p2 on the adjustable stops q2 and q2, or by the action of the bar O2, at y, on the adjustable stops g3 g3, both the belt-shifter and the pawl-bar i may be actuated, at any desired point, in the movement of the sliding frame F, or of the plate K K.

a6 represents a bearing, formed on the ynut 0, for the sliding shaft a'.

b is a bearing, formed in the top of a stud, rising fromthe nut O, forsliding shaft bl.

' S is a bearing, formed in the lower end of stud, projecting downwards, from the nut O, for sliding arm S.

a7 represents a shaft, sliding in the bearings a of the nut N.

M is a pulley, running on a bearing-surface, on the end of the sliding shaft a7.

Pulley M is retained in its place by a set-screw entering a groove cut in the hearing-surface of the shaft a', and is provided with a cutting-point, of chisel, or a polishing-brush, composed of fine wire, or any other 'suitable material.

R, is a nut, working on shaftaf. By means of this nut, the sliding action of the' shaft a7, in its bearings, a, may he varied at pleasure.

Q is a lever, pivoted to the nut O, and connected, by a joint, with the shaft or arm b', and entering, by its other extremity, a ynotcln'or mortisefcnt in one end of the sliding shaft S. f

S is a shaft, sliding in its bearings S, and provided, near one end, with a notch or mortise, for the lower extremity of lever Q, and near its other extremity, -with a recess or mortise, occupied by the sliding bar P. The bar P sliding in the recess'near the extremity of the sliding shaft S, performs the function of connecting the mechanism with the nuts N and 0, while a differential vertical action kQi' said' nuts takes place.

V represents a lever, pivoted, by one extremity, to the. stud that projects downwards from the nut O, and, at its angle, to the extremity of the bar, that is pivoted, at its other extremity, to the shaft S.

By elevating and depressing the handle of lever V, the revolving cutting-point or polishing-brush is projected towards or withdrawn from'the upper opening, in the sliding frame F, and, at the same time, the smooth end ofthe sliding shaft or arm, is likewise projected towards or withdrawn from the upper opening in the sliding Vframe E.

X represents a weight, connected, by a flexible connection, passing round the pulleys attached to the nuts O, to a pulley fixed on the levell Q, near its lower extremity.

The weight X, by actuating the. lower arm of lever Q, serves to project the blunt end of the sliding shaft or arm a? towards the uppenopening in sliding frame E, and the cutting-point or polishing-brush, fixed in pulley M, towardsthe upper opening in the lsliding frame E,-and at the same time, to elevate the handle of lever V, which is-provided with notches.

Y is a weight, provided with a hook, 'to fit the notches "out in the upper surface of lever V.

By shifting the weight Yto dilerent notches in the handle of lever V, the weight X may be counterpoised at pleasure.

C, are provided with set-screws m m m, by means of which the pattern of the design to be cut, &c., is secured in said frame.

The sides of the upper aperture, in the sliding frame B, are likewise provided with set-screws n n n, by means of which, the material on the cutting or polishing-point, fixed' in the pulley M, is designed to act.

a is au arm, forming apart of a secondal working in sliding fram'e E. I

B" is the revolving shaft of said lathe, working in its bearings, t, and provided, at its extremity, with a notched chisel or edge for holding fast the material fixed between it and ,the pointof the adjustable arm a.

e is a stud, rising froml plate K K, aud holding laterally, between its two arms, the pulley D, which is attached to the revolving sliding shaft B.

By the connections described, when the pulley Dl is connected, by a belt, with the pulley O, motion communicated to the revolving screw-shaft ja, will canse the material to revolve, during the action of the sliding frame F, that may be engaged in its upper aperture, between the point of the lathe aand the notched edge or chisel, formed on one extremity of therevolving sliding shaft t7.

In the` practical operationof my machine, the pattern or copy of the design to be carved, &c., is secured in the upper opening of the sliding frame F by the setscrews n inn.

When it is desired to transfer' the design of the pattern or copy to a plane sui-face in the material wrought, said material should he firmly secured in the upper opening of the sliding frame E by means of the seti screws m m m. If, however, it is desired to transfer The sides ofthe upper opening, in the sliding frame suchydesign to a cylindrical surface in thematerial` wrought, said material should be secured between thev fdesignof the copy takes place to a cylindrical surface i in the material wrought, thespur-gear wheel h3' should beremovd from the 'shaft i3, and motion should be transmitted from 'pulley O3`to vpulley I)3 by a belt or other similar means. By such connection, the feedmotion communicatedto the'shaft jiwill cause the material to revolve that may be engaged between the working-parts of thesecondary lathe in the upper portion of sliding frame F. In the .latter instance, just described, as the nut Nwill remain stationary on the shaft fia, it will be necessary to adjust said nut on said shaft so that the centre of the cutting-point or polishing-brush of 'the pulley M `will occupy a working-position opposite to orin the same plane with the centre 1 ofthe Working-parts of the secondary lathe in the upper opening` of; the sliding frame F. Y v

When the copy and the material to be wrought are properly secured, .as described, and the mechanism` adapted to the nature of the work to be done,and the ,nut O raised to Isuch a position on shaft jathatthe blunt extremity of the vsliding arm or'shaft b is pressed against the upper margin of the copy by the weight X acting` through the lever Q, over the handle of. the connecting and disconnecting-leverj2, it should be act'nated soas to connect, ina proper working-relation, the lower .-set of pawls attached-to the pawl-bar i2 with the ratchet-wheel f 2. *At this point, the adjustable stops q2 q2 on rod l' should be secured'to said rod, on which they, by means of their set-screws, give the sliding frames E and F the required amount of sliding mo,

tion. `Also, by means of the nut R Oon the shaft i2, the cutting-point of the chisel or tool fixed in the pulley M should be allowed to project toward the mate. rial to be wrought, that has been secured, as described, `ini the sliding frame F as far as it may be deemed proper tomake the impression.

By the. application of motive-power, through belts,

.,as'described, to the pulley M, bearing the cuttingpoint of the machine, and also 'to `the pulley cl2 and loose pulley u, the chisel or cutting-point fixed in the pulleym is caused to revolve, and, through the shaft towhich the. pulley d is attached, and bevel-wheels ta and fa, motion is communicated through thebevelgear wheels 1" and s3 to the `screw-shafts p3 and Motion communicated to the screw-shafts p3 and gf', through the nut`s H andG, will canse a 'sliding motion to take place in the frames E `and F. flhesliding motion just described, of the frames E and F,`will continue in one direction until the stud p2, actuating the rod l by means'of one of its adjustable stops q2, causes, by means of connections that have been described, such an action of the belt-shifter-c2 as to shift the beltrunningon the `loose pulley uf to the pulley c2, and the beltv running .on the pulley d2 to 'the loose pulley` t4..

j As the belt running on the pulley c2 runs in-an opposite direction to its fellow, it is obvious that the sliding motion of the frames E and F will, by the action of the belt-shifter c, bereversed, and thatthis reversed i motion of the sliding frames E and F will be con` tinued until .the stud p2, bymeans of-the adjustable stopv Q and rod l, returns` the belt-shifter c2 to its original position.`

When itis desired to adapt the machine to work on 'extensive surfaces, the pattern or copy should be secured `in the upper opening of the vfolding frames B B byiits set screws n n n, and the material to be wrought should likewise be secured in the upper opening of `the folding frame O G by the set-screws m m m.

The mechanism forming the secondary lathe, and showncombined with theslidingframe.v F, may be combined as described with the folding frame G G. In suoli case thestud c, that is shown mountednear` the rear margin of the plate K K, would require a hinged or folding'attachment to the same, and it would be` necessary to prolong the rear portion of the plate K' Kto a greater or less extent to furnish such support and attachment. In this case, the studs c and pulley D' would be mounted sufficiently in the rear of and in a line with lthe folding frame O O to allow the action o f the sliding plate K K to take place lon the bedpiece .A A, and the studs c and pulleyD would require to be in the rear of sliding plate, as nowshown, a distance equal to the action of said plate onbedpiece A A. In suoli case, the revolving shaft Bf, feathered to the pulley DI, would slide in the bearings j of the hinged studs mounted on a prolongation of the plate K K, as described, during the action of the said plate on its bed-piece A A. v Y

The adjustment of the adjustable stops g3 g3, which actnate the extremity of the bar o2 at y, during the sliding motion of the plate K K on the bed-piece A A, forms the, connection of said bar with the beltshifter' o2, as described. When the 'shaft on ivhich the pulleys ai, di, and t are mounted is connected, by some suitable means of transmitting motion, withvtheipulley ci, and motion communicated tothe pulleys u, d2, and t* in the-saine manneras has been described in the case of the sliding frames E and F, it is evident that a backward and forward sliding action is produced in the plate K K.x y

By shifting the position of the adjustable stops g g3, a greater orvless sliding action f .the plate KK 4,may be produced.

, When the folding frames B B and G C are used-instead of the sliding frames E and F, a greater length invthe arm b7` and the cutting-point and polishing-A brush will be required.

In the use tof either the folding frames B B and C O or the sliding frames E and Fat the same time, the

. bar receives,.by connections described,an impulse By use of the different gear-wheels ta and ua, which are attached to the shafts p3 and qigin combination with theuse of the differential bevel-gear wheels i andja, the vertical actionof the nut O on the shaft j? is double that of the action of the nut N on the screwshaft "is, and the lateral action of the nut O on the screw-shaft ji is double that of the lateral action of the nut -H on the screw-shaft p3. By this means, the

pattern or copy will contain four times the superficiall area, contained in the material wrought, that is secured in the upper opening of the sliding frame F or folding frame D C. l 1

By means of the sliding bar P, the diiferential mo, tion of the nuts N and O takes place without disturbing the working of the mechanism that' connects them.

Thus, by varying the size of the gear-wheels t3 and u?, `and the bevel-gear wheels p3 and q, I amable to multiply to any degree the supercial area contained in the obje/ct carved, Sac., in that contained in the pattern or copy from which the same is produced, by being able to increase the area of the pattern or copy to any desired degree, and .at the same time to diminish the projections and depressions on its surface to any desired extent. j

For engraving-purposes, the long arm of lever Q will be required above its fulcrum, and its short arm i below.

By the mechanism described, a compound action is experienced, in the cutting or polishing-points, by the material secured in the sliding frame F or folding frame C C; a planing action from the sliding motion of the frame F or plate K K; a revolving action from the cutting-point or polishing-brush fixed in the pulley M and a revolving action from the material itself, derived from the revolving shaft.

Having thus described my invention,

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. The employment of the nuts-G and H, screw-v shafts p3 and qa, in combination with the two upright Screw-shafts t3 and js, and nuts N and O, for the purpose of giving at the same time a longitudinal-sliding mot-ion to the pattern or copy, and the material furnished to be carved, &c., and a rising and falling vertical motion to the moulding and cutting or polishing-points of the lathe or engine, substantially as and in the manner set forth.

2. The employment of the sliding frames E and F, and nuts H and G attached to said frames, in combination with the screw-shafts p3 and g3, having the mechanism for communicating motion to said shafts, substantially as'and for the purpose described.

3. The nuts N and O, in combination with the sei-ewshafts t3 and ja, and guides Tl, T2, and' T3, as and for the purpose set fo'rth.

4. The shaft a7, carried in the nut N, with the nut- R and arm P, arranged and operating substantially in the manner and for the purpose specified.

5. The arm bi, lever Q, and shaft S, carried bythe nut O, arranged to operate substantially as described.

6. The combination of the shaft ai, carried in the nut N, nut R, and arm P, with the arm 717, lever Q, and shaft S, substantially as described.

7. The weighted lever V, pivoted to the arm of nut O and the sliding frame S, in combination with shaft S, arranged to operate substantially as described.

8. The weight X, in combination with the lever Q, arm b, nut O, and screw-shaft j, arranged to operate substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

9. The employment of the lathe-mechanism attached to sliding frame E, consisting of the parts w and B", in combination with said frame, substantially as described.

10. The employment of themechanisrn mounted on the sliding plate K K, in combination with the bedplate A A, ways lr Ar, tooth-bar A3, 'and folding frames 'B B, when all the parts are constructed and arranged to operate substantially as and for the purpose described. l

11. The ratchet-wheel f2, pawl h2, disconnectinglever c6, and`the shaft js, arranged and operated substantially as setforth. 12. The adjustable feed-mechanism, consisting of feed-bar O2, the plate above itprovided with a slot or `mortise, and a screw, to vary the length of the stroke,

substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

13. The arrangement of the differential gear-wheels, k3, b3, t3, and ua, with the screw-shafts i3, j, p3, and qa, and nuts N, O, H, and G, substantially as and for the purpose set forth,

In testimony that I claim the above as my own, I hereby ailix my signature, in the presence of two witnesses.

VIRGIL W. BLANCHARD.

Witnesses N. S. BENNETT, C. W. EARL. 

